Síndrome de Horner: revision de la literatura
Palabras clave:
Ptosis palpebral; anisocoria; anhidrosis; tallo cerebral; nervios autónomos Fuente: DeCS (Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud)
Resumen
El Síndrome de Horner (SH) es una condición provocada por un grupo heterogéneo de patologías. Estas tienen en común el daño de la vía simpática. La localización más común de la lesión es a nivel preganglionar, por trauma o cirugías en región cervical, torácica o ápex pulmonar. El diagnóstico es primordialmente clínico mediante la identificación de la triada de miosis, ptosis y anhidrosis. Se confirma con las pruebas para cocaína e hidroximetanfetamina. El tratamiento se lleva a cabo primero con agentes farmacológicos. Los que tienen disminución del campo visual por la ptosis o por razones cosméticas se llevan a tratamiento quirúrgico. En ese caso los abordajes operatorios recomendados para ptosis leve son el procedimiento de Fasanella-Servat, el avance de aponeurosis del elevador y en casos severos el cabestrillo frontal. El objetivo es hacer una revisión de los algoritmos diagnósticos y terapéuticos del SH para lograr un abordaje sistemático debido a las múltiples etiologías que posee.
Citas
1- Abbas A, Manjila S, Singh M, Belle V, Chandar K, Miller J. Johann Friedrich Horner and the Repeated Discovery of Oculosympathoparesis. Neurosurgery. 2015;77(3):486-491.
2- Edwards A. A case of Brown-Sequard syndrome with associated Horner's syndrome after blunt injury to the cervical spine. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2001;18(6):512-513.
3- Barbut D, Gold J, Heinemann M, Hinton R, Trifiletti R. Horner's syndrome after coronary artery bypass surgery. Neurology. 1996;46(1):181-184.
4- Shaw PJ, Bates D, Cartlidge NEF, et al. Early neurological complications of coronary artery bypass surgery. Br Med J 1985;291:1384-1387.
5- Lederman RJ, Breuer AC, Hanson MR, et al. Peripheral ner- vous system complications of coronary artery bypass graft sur- gery. Ann Neurol 1982;12:297-301.
6- Van der Salm TJ, Cereda JM, Cutler BS. Brachial plexus injury following median sternotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980;80:447-452.
7- Stephens JW. Neurological sequelae of congenital heart sur- gery. Arch Neurol 1962;7:450-459.
8- Lyrer P, Brandt T, Metso T, Metso A, Kloss M, Debette S et al. Clinical import of Horner syndrome in internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection. Neurology. 2014;82(18):1653-1659.
9- Jeffery A, Ellis F, Repka M, Buncic J. Pediatric Horner syndrome. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 1998;2(3):159-167.
10- Ryan F, Kline L, Gomez C. Congenital Horner’s syndrome resulting from agenesis of the internal carotid artery. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(1):185-188.
11- Ogita S, Tokiwa K, Takahashi T, Imashuku S, Sawada T. Congenital cervical neuroblastoma associated with Horner syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1988;23(11):991-992.
12- Woodruff G, Buncic J, Morin J. Horner's syndrome in children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1998;24(1):40.
13- George N, Gonzalez G, Hoyt C. Does Horner's syndrome in infancy require investigation?. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1998;82(1):51-54.
14- Musarella M, Chan H, DeBoer G, Gallie B. Ocular Involvement in Neuroblastoma: Prognostic Implications. Ophthalmology. 1984;91(8):936-940.
15- Diesenhouse M, Palay D, Newman N, To K, Albert D. Acquired Heterochromia with Homer Syndrome in Two Adults. Ophthalmology. 1992;99(12):1815-1817.
16- Afifi A, Bergman R. Functional neuroanatomy. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill; 2005.
17- Miller N, Walsh F, Hoyt W. Walsh and Hoyt's clinical neuro-ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
18- Gutman I, Levartovski S, Goldhammer Y, Tadmor R, Findler G. Sixth Nerve Palsy and Unilateral Horner's Syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1986;93(7):913-916.
19- Maloney W, Younge B, Moyer N. Evaluation of the Causes and Accuracy of Pharmacologic Localization in Horner's Syndrome. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 1980;90(3):394-402.
20- Najem K, Margolin E. A Special Case of Horner Syndrome. JAMA Ophthalmology.
2016;134(10):1193.
21- Pearce J. Wallenberg's syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2000;68(5):570-570.
22- Biousse V, Guevara R, Newman N. Transient Horner's syndrome after lumbar epidural anesthesia. Neurology. 1998;51(5):1473-1475.
23- Perry C, James D, Wixon C, Mills J, Ericksen C. Horner's Syndrome After Carotid Endarterectomy. Vascular Surgery. 2001;35(4):325-327.
24- Fujisawa H, Marukawa K, Kida S, Hasegawa M, Yamashita J, Matsui a. Abducens Nerve Palsy and Ipsilateral Horner Syndrome: A Predicting Sign of Intracranial Carotid Injury in a Head Trauma Patient. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 2001;50(3):554-556.
25- Thompson HS, Miller NR. Disorders of pupillary function, accommodation and lacrimation. In: Miller NR, Newman NJ, eds. Walsh and Hoyt’s clinical neuro-ophthalmology, 5th edn, vol 1. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1998: 961–1040.
26- Morrison D, Bibby K, Woodruff G. The "harlequin" sign and congenital Horner's syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1997;62(6):626-628.
27- Kardon R. Are we ready to replace cocaine with apraclonidine in the pharmacologic diagnosis of Horner syndrome? J Neurophthalmol 2005; 25: 69-79. 2. Ophthalmol.1990;110(1):71–76.
28- Kardon RH , DenisonCE, BrownCK, ThompsonHS. Critical evaluation of the cocaine test in the diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome.Arch Ophthalmol.1990;108(12):384–387.
29- Morales J, Brown SM, Abdul-Rahim AS, Crosson CE. Ocular effects of apraclonidine in Horner syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2000; 118: 951-954.
30- Brown SM, Aouchiche R, Freedman KA. The utility of 0.5% apraclonidine in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2003; 121: 1201-1203.
31- Mahoney NR , LiuGT, MenackerSJ, WilsonMC, HogartyMD, MarisJM. Pediatric Horner syndrome: etiologies and roles of imaging and urine studies to detect neuroblastoma and other responsible mass lesions.Am J Ophthalmol.2006;142(4):651–659.
32- Koc F. The sensitivity and specificity of 0.5% apraclonidine in the diagnosis of oculosympathetic paresis. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2005;89(11):1442-1444.
33- Kanagalingam S, Miller NR. Horner syndrome: Clinical perspectives. Eye and Brain. 2015 Apr 10;7:35-46.
34- Waqar S, McMurray C, Madge S. Transcutaneous Blepharoptosis Surgery - Advancement of Levator Aponeurosis. The Open Ophthalmology Journal. 2010;4(1):76-80.
35- Garibaldi D, Hindman H, Grant M, Iliff N, Merbs S. Effect of 0.5% Apraclonidine on Ptosis in Horner Syndrome. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 2006;22(1):53-55.
36- Pemberton J, MacIntosh P, Zeglam A, Fay A. Naphazoline as a Confounder in the Diagnosis of Carotid Artery Dissection. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2015;31(2):e33-e35.
37- Lee M, Harrison A, Kardon R. Patient use of Visine (tetrahydrozoline) masks Horner syndrome. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2007;92(1):149-150.
38- Perry J, Kadakia A, Foster J. A New Algorithm for Ptosis Repair Using Conjunctival Müllerectomy With or Without Tarsectomy. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 2002;18(6):426-429.
39- Finsterer J. Ptosis: Causes, Presentation, and Management. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2003;27(3):193-204.
40- Sampath R, Saunders D, Leatherbarrow B. The Fasanella-Servat procedure: A retrospective study. Eye. 1995;9(1):124-125.
41- Frueh B, Musch D, McDonald H. Efficacy and efficiency of a small-incision, minimal dissection procedure versus a traditional approach for correcting aponeurotic ptosis. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(12):2158-2163.
42- Liu D. Ptosis Repair by Single Suture Aponeurotic Tuck. Ophthalmology. 1993;100(2):251-259
2- Edwards A. A case of Brown-Sequard syndrome with associated Horner's syndrome after blunt injury to the cervical spine. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2001;18(6):512-513.
3- Barbut D, Gold J, Heinemann M, Hinton R, Trifiletti R. Horner's syndrome after coronary artery bypass surgery. Neurology. 1996;46(1):181-184.
4- Shaw PJ, Bates D, Cartlidge NEF, et al. Early neurological complications of coronary artery bypass surgery. Br Med J 1985;291:1384-1387.
5- Lederman RJ, Breuer AC, Hanson MR, et al. Peripheral ner- vous system complications of coronary artery bypass graft sur- gery. Ann Neurol 1982;12:297-301.
6- Van der Salm TJ, Cereda JM, Cutler BS. Brachial plexus injury following median sternotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980;80:447-452.
7- Stephens JW. Neurological sequelae of congenital heart sur- gery. Arch Neurol 1962;7:450-459.
8- Lyrer P, Brandt T, Metso T, Metso A, Kloss M, Debette S et al. Clinical import of Horner syndrome in internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection. Neurology. 2014;82(18):1653-1659.
9- Jeffery A, Ellis F, Repka M, Buncic J. Pediatric Horner syndrome. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 1998;2(3):159-167.
10- Ryan F, Kline L, Gomez C. Congenital Horner’s syndrome resulting from agenesis of the internal carotid artery. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(1):185-188.
11- Ogita S, Tokiwa K, Takahashi T, Imashuku S, Sawada T. Congenital cervical neuroblastoma associated with Horner syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1988;23(11):991-992.
12- Woodruff G, Buncic J, Morin J. Horner's syndrome in children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1998;24(1):40.
13- George N, Gonzalez G, Hoyt C. Does Horner's syndrome in infancy require investigation?. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1998;82(1):51-54.
14- Musarella M, Chan H, DeBoer G, Gallie B. Ocular Involvement in Neuroblastoma: Prognostic Implications. Ophthalmology. 1984;91(8):936-940.
15- Diesenhouse M, Palay D, Newman N, To K, Albert D. Acquired Heterochromia with Homer Syndrome in Two Adults. Ophthalmology. 1992;99(12):1815-1817.
16- Afifi A, Bergman R. Functional neuroanatomy. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill; 2005.
17- Miller N, Walsh F, Hoyt W. Walsh and Hoyt's clinical neuro-ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
18- Gutman I, Levartovski S, Goldhammer Y, Tadmor R, Findler G. Sixth Nerve Palsy and Unilateral Horner's Syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1986;93(7):913-916.
19- Maloney W, Younge B, Moyer N. Evaluation of the Causes and Accuracy of Pharmacologic Localization in Horner's Syndrome. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 1980;90(3):394-402.
20- Najem K, Margolin E. A Special Case of Horner Syndrome. JAMA Ophthalmology.
2016;134(10):1193.
21- Pearce J. Wallenberg's syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2000;68(5):570-570.
22- Biousse V, Guevara R, Newman N. Transient Horner's syndrome after lumbar epidural anesthesia. Neurology. 1998;51(5):1473-1475.
23- Perry C, James D, Wixon C, Mills J, Ericksen C. Horner's Syndrome After Carotid Endarterectomy. Vascular Surgery. 2001;35(4):325-327.
24- Fujisawa H, Marukawa K, Kida S, Hasegawa M, Yamashita J, Matsui a. Abducens Nerve Palsy and Ipsilateral Horner Syndrome: A Predicting Sign of Intracranial Carotid Injury in a Head Trauma Patient. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 2001;50(3):554-556.
25- Thompson HS, Miller NR. Disorders of pupillary function, accommodation and lacrimation. In: Miller NR, Newman NJ, eds. Walsh and Hoyt’s clinical neuro-ophthalmology, 5th edn, vol 1. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1998: 961–1040.
26- Morrison D, Bibby K, Woodruff G. The "harlequin" sign and congenital Horner's syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1997;62(6):626-628.
27- Kardon R. Are we ready to replace cocaine with apraclonidine in the pharmacologic diagnosis of Horner syndrome? J Neurophthalmol 2005; 25: 69-79. 2. Ophthalmol.1990;110(1):71–76.
28- Kardon RH , DenisonCE, BrownCK, ThompsonHS. Critical evaluation of the cocaine test in the diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome.Arch Ophthalmol.1990;108(12):384–387.
29- Morales J, Brown SM, Abdul-Rahim AS, Crosson CE. Ocular effects of apraclonidine in Horner syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2000; 118: 951-954.
30- Brown SM, Aouchiche R, Freedman KA. The utility of 0.5% apraclonidine in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2003; 121: 1201-1203.
31- Mahoney NR , LiuGT, MenackerSJ, WilsonMC, HogartyMD, MarisJM. Pediatric Horner syndrome: etiologies and roles of imaging and urine studies to detect neuroblastoma and other responsible mass lesions.Am J Ophthalmol.2006;142(4):651–659.
32- Koc F. The sensitivity and specificity of 0.5% apraclonidine in the diagnosis of oculosympathetic paresis. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2005;89(11):1442-1444.
33- Kanagalingam S, Miller NR. Horner syndrome: Clinical perspectives. Eye and Brain. 2015 Apr 10;7:35-46.
34- Waqar S, McMurray C, Madge S. Transcutaneous Blepharoptosis Surgery - Advancement of Levator Aponeurosis. The Open Ophthalmology Journal. 2010;4(1):76-80.
35- Garibaldi D, Hindman H, Grant M, Iliff N, Merbs S. Effect of 0.5% Apraclonidine on Ptosis in Horner Syndrome. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 2006;22(1):53-55.
36- Pemberton J, MacIntosh P, Zeglam A, Fay A. Naphazoline as a Confounder in the Diagnosis of Carotid Artery Dissection. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2015;31(2):e33-e35.
37- Lee M, Harrison A, Kardon R. Patient use of Visine (tetrahydrozoline) masks Horner syndrome. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2007;92(1):149-150.
38- Perry J, Kadakia A, Foster J. A New Algorithm for Ptosis Repair Using Conjunctival Müllerectomy With or Without Tarsectomy. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 2002;18(6):426-429.
39- Finsterer J. Ptosis: Causes, Presentation, and Management. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2003;27(3):193-204.
40- Sampath R, Saunders D, Leatherbarrow B. The Fasanella-Servat procedure: A retrospective study. Eye. 1995;9(1):124-125.
41- Frueh B, Musch D, McDonald H. Efficacy and efficiency of a small-incision, minimal dissection procedure versus a traditional approach for correcting aponeurotic ptosis. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(12):2158-2163.
42- Liu D. Ptosis Repair by Single Suture Aponeurotic Tuck. Ophthalmology. 1993;100(2):251-259
Publicado
2020-11-17
Cómo citar
Buckcanan Vargas, A., Fonseca Artavia, K., & Mora López, F. (2020). Síndrome de Horner: revision de la literatura. Medicina Legal De Costa Rica, 37(1). Recuperado a partir de //www.binasss.sa.cr/ojssalud/index.php/mlcr/article/view/157
Sección
Revisiones de literatura
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