MEDICAL LEGAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSUMPTION OF SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA
Keywords:
Synthetic marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, Spice K2, psychoactive substances, death by drug useAbstract
Synthetic marijuana is a substance that has increased its consumption in recent years and that leads to multiple implications on the health of people who use it. This article is based on identifying the main forms of use, the symptoms of the evaluated ones, the pathophysiology of these substances and the risks and considerations for the management of patients who use synthetic cannabinoids, as well as the Legal Medical criteria that must be kept in mind The time to make an assessment in the Forensic Medical Clinic and at the time of performing a Medical Legal autopsy in particular when there is the recent history of the consumption of synthetic marijuana
References
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2) Szilvia Kassai. (2017). Assessing the experience of using synthetic c
3) annabinoids by means of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Harm Reduction Journal, 14, 1-10.
4) Moustafa Elsheshtawy et al. (2016). Synthetic Marijuana Induced Acute Nonischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Case Reports in Cardiology, 1, 1-4
5) John Samaan at al. (2016). Synthetic Cannabis Overdose and Withdrawal in a Young Adult: A Case Report, Commentary on Regulation, and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Psychiatry, 3640549, 1-7.
6) Heather B. Clayton at al. (2017). Health Risk Behaviors With Synthetic Cannabinoids Versus Marijuana. American Academy of Pediatrics, 139, 4.
7) Andrew L. Ninnemann et al. (2017). Longitudinal Predictors of Synthetic Cannabinoid Use in Adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics, 139, 1-7.
8) Ziva D. Cooper. (2016). Adverse Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoids: Management of Acute Toxicity and Withdrawal. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 52, 1-19.
9) Daniéle Debruyne, Reynald Le Boisselier. (2015). E merging drugs of abuse: current perspectives on synthetic cannabinoids. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 6, 113-119.
10) Michael B. Gatch, Michael J. Forster. (2014). Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Like Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Compounds Commonly Found in K2/Spice. Behav Pharmacol, 25 (8), 750-757.
11) Marisol S. Castaneto. (2014). Synthetic Cannabinoids: Epidemiology, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Implications. Drug Alcohol Depend, 12, 1-60.
12) Kathryn A. Seely et al. (2013). Forensic investigation of K2, Spice, and ‘‘bath salt’’ commercial preparations: A threeyear study of new designer drug products containing synthetic cannabinoid, stimulant, and hallucinogenic compounds. Forensic Science International, 233, 416-422.
13) Christopher D. Rosenbaum at al. (2012). Here Today, Gone Tomorrow…and Back Again? A Review of Herbal Marijuana Alternatives (K2, Spice), Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts), Kratom, Salvia divinorum, Methoxetamine, and Piperazines. J. Med. Toxicol, 8, 15-32.
14) Dolkar Sherpa et al. (2015). Synthetic cannabinoids: the multi-organ failure and metabolic derangements associated with getting high. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 27540, 1-6.
15) Regan A. Baum et al. (2017). Suspected Synthetic Cannabinomimetic Intoxication: Case Series and Review. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 1, 1-6.
16) Piotr Adamowicz at al. (2017). The effects of synthetic cannabinoid UR-144 on the human body—A review of 39 cases. Elsevier, 9, 31-34.
17) Valérie Wolff et al. (2017). Strokes are possible complications of cannabinoids use. Elsevier, 1, 1-9.
18) Derya Guzel et al. (2017). Alterations of the hematologic cells in synthetic cannabinoid users. J Clin Lab Anal., 1, 1-7.
19) Benjamin M. Ford et al. (2017). Synthetic Pot: Not Your Grandfather’s Marijuana. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 38, 257-276.
20) Amandine Scocard. (2016). Cannabinoïdes desynthèse: une nouvelle matrice des addictions. ElsevierMasson, 1, 1-12.
21) Manisha Kak et al. (2016). Buzz Juice: Neurological sequelae of synthetic cannabinoids. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 1, 1-2.
22) Brooke Mills et al. (2015). Synthetic Cannabinoids. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 350, 59-62.
23) Brooke Mills et al. (2015). Synthetic Cannabinoids. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 350, 59-62.
24) Robert J. Tait et al. (2016). A systematic review of adverse events arising from the use of synthetic cannabinoids and their associated treatment. Clinical Toxicology, 54, 1-13.
2) Szilvia Kassai. (2017). Assessing the experience of using synthetic c
3) annabinoids by means of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Harm Reduction Journal, 14, 1-10.
4) Moustafa Elsheshtawy et al. (2016). Synthetic Marijuana Induced Acute Nonischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Case Reports in Cardiology, 1, 1-4
5) John Samaan at al. (2016). Synthetic Cannabis Overdose and Withdrawal in a Young Adult: A Case Report, Commentary on Regulation, and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Psychiatry, 3640549, 1-7.
6) Heather B. Clayton at al. (2017). Health Risk Behaviors With Synthetic Cannabinoids Versus Marijuana. American Academy of Pediatrics, 139, 4.
7) Andrew L. Ninnemann et al. (2017). Longitudinal Predictors of Synthetic Cannabinoid Use in Adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics, 139, 1-7.
8) Ziva D. Cooper. (2016). Adverse Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoids: Management of Acute Toxicity and Withdrawal. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 52, 1-19.
9) Daniéle Debruyne, Reynald Le Boisselier. (2015). E merging drugs of abuse: current perspectives on synthetic cannabinoids. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 6, 113-119.
10) Michael B. Gatch, Michael J. Forster. (2014). Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Like Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Compounds Commonly Found in K2/Spice. Behav Pharmacol, 25 (8), 750-757.
11) Marisol S. Castaneto. (2014). Synthetic Cannabinoids: Epidemiology, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Implications. Drug Alcohol Depend, 12, 1-60.
12) Kathryn A. Seely et al. (2013). Forensic investigation of K2, Spice, and ‘‘bath salt’’ commercial preparations: A threeyear study of new designer drug products containing synthetic cannabinoid, stimulant, and hallucinogenic compounds. Forensic Science International, 233, 416-422.
13) Christopher D. Rosenbaum at al. (2012). Here Today, Gone Tomorrow…and Back Again? A Review of Herbal Marijuana Alternatives (K2, Spice), Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts), Kratom, Salvia divinorum, Methoxetamine, and Piperazines. J. Med. Toxicol, 8, 15-32.
14) Dolkar Sherpa et al. (2015). Synthetic cannabinoids: the multi-organ failure and metabolic derangements associated with getting high. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 27540, 1-6.
15) Regan A. Baum et al. (2017). Suspected Synthetic Cannabinomimetic Intoxication: Case Series and Review. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 1, 1-6.
16) Piotr Adamowicz at al. (2017). The effects of synthetic cannabinoid UR-144 on the human body—A review of 39 cases. Elsevier, 9, 31-34.
17) Valérie Wolff et al. (2017). Strokes are possible complications of cannabinoids use. Elsevier, 1, 1-9.
18) Derya Guzel et al. (2017). Alterations of the hematologic cells in synthetic cannabinoid users. J Clin Lab Anal., 1, 1-7.
19) Benjamin M. Ford et al. (2017). Synthetic Pot: Not Your Grandfather’s Marijuana. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 38, 257-276.
20) Amandine Scocard. (2016). Cannabinoïdes desynthèse: une nouvelle matrice des addictions. ElsevierMasson, 1, 1-12.
21) Manisha Kak et al. (2016). Buzz Juice: Neurological sequelae of synthetic cannabinoids. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 1, 1-2.
22) Brooke Mills et al. (2015). Synthetic Cannabinoids. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 350, 59-62.
23) Brooke Mills et al. (2015). Synthetic Cannabinoids. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 350, 59-62.
24) Robert J. Tait et al. (2016). A systematic review of adverse events arising from the use of synthetic cannabinoids and their associated treatment. Clinical Toxicology, 54, 1-13.
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Published
2020-11-13
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Literature review
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MEDICAL LEGAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSUMPTION OF SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA. (2020). Medicina Legal De Costa Rica, 34(2). https://www.binasss.sa.cr/ojssalud/index.php/mlcr/article/view/70
