BRUGADA SYNDROME AS A CAUSE OF SUDDEN DEATH OF CARDIAC ORIGIN
Keywords:
Sudden cardiac death. Channelopathy. Brugada Syndrome. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia.Abstract
Sudden death is defined as an unexpected fatal event occurring in an apparently healthy subject. Sudden cardiac death is a leading cause, among which are primary electrical abnormalities such as Brugada Syndrome. Brugada Syndrome is an autosomal dominant channelopathy affecting the sodium channel. SCN5A has emerged as the most common gene associated with Brugada syndrome. The diagnosis is suggested by the clinical history in a patient with specific electrocardiographic pattern. The most typical presentation is syncope or resuscitated sudden death due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator is the main tool for preventing sudden death, and correct risk stratification in these patients is important both to prevent sudden death and to avoid unnecessary implantable cardioverter defibrillator use.
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13. Jyh-Ming, J. & Minoru, H. (2016). Genetics of Brugada syndrome. Journal of Arrhythmia, 32(5), 418–425.
14. Sheikh, A. & Ranjan, K. (2014). Brugada Syndrome: a Review of the literature. Clin Med, 14(5), 482-489.
15. Wilders, R. (2012). Cardiac Ion Channelopathies and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. ISRN Cardiology. Doi:10.5402/2012/846171.
16. Priori, S., Napolitano, C., Gasparini, M., et al. (2000). Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation syndrome: a prospective evaluation of 52 families. Circulation, 102(20), 2509–15.
17. Benito, B., Sarkozy, A., Mont, L., et al. (2008). Gender differences in clinical manifestations of Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol, 52(19), 1567–73.
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20. Scherr, D., Brunner, G., Kaufmann, P., Lercher, P., Lueger, A., Rotman, B., et al. (2002). Aborted sudden death in a patient with a structurally normal heart: the Brugada síndrome. Intensive Care Med, 28, 789–792.
21. Bayes, A., Brugada, J., Baranchuk, A., Broggrefe, M., Breithardt, G., Goldwasser, D., et al (2012). Current Electrocardiographic Criteria for Diagnosis of Brugada Pattern: a Consensus Report. Journal of Electrocardiology, 45, 433-442.
22. Peters S. (2015). Is early sudden death in the course of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to initial Brugada syndrome? International Journal of Cardiology, 182, 107–108.
23. Dendramis, G., Petrina, S. & Baranchuk, A. (2016). Not all ST-segment elevations are myocardial infarction: Hyperkalemia and Brugada phenocopy. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. doi:10.1016/j. ajem.2016.10.063.
24. Raju, H., Papadakis, M., Govindan, M., Bastiaenen, R., Chandra, N., Osullivan, A., et al. (2011). Low
Prevalence of Risk Markers in Cases of Sudden Death Due to Brugada Syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(23), 2340-2345.
25. Delise, P., Allocca, G., Sitta, N. & Di Stefano, P. (2014). Event rates and risk factors in patients with Brugada syndrome and no prior cardiac arrest: A cumulative analysis of the largest available studies distinguishing ICD-recorded fast ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Heart Rhythm, 11, 252–258.
26. Anguera, I., García, A., Dellaglio, P., Toquero, J., Pérez, L., Martínez, J., et al. (2016). Shock Reduction With Long-Term Quinidine in Patients With Brugada Syndrome and Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmia Episodes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 67(13), 1653-1654.
27. Viskin, S. & Rosso, R. (2010). Risk of Sudden Death in Asymptomatic Brugada Syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(19), 1585-1588.
28. Tester, D. & Ackerman, M. (2012). The Molecular Autopsy: Should the Evaluation Continue After the Funeral? Pediatr Cardiol. 33(3), 461–470.
2. Ladich, E., Virmani, R. & Burke, A. (2006). Sudden Cardiac Dead not Related to Coronary Atherosclerosis. Toxicol Pathol, 34 (1), 52-57.
3. Vargas, M. (2009). Muerte Súbita de Origen Neuropatológico (I parte). Revista Medicina Legal de Costa Rica, 26(1), 35-55.
4. Antezano, E. & Hong, M. (2003). Sudden Cardiac Dead. J Intensive Care Med, 18(6), 313-329.
5. Ali, S. & Antezano, E. (2006). Sudden Cardiac Dead. Southern Medical Journal, 99(5), 502-510.
6. Vohra, J. & Rajagopalan, S. (2015). Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Brugada Syndrome. Heart
Lung and Circulation, 24, 1141-1148.
7. Goldenberg, I., Moss, A. & Zareba, W. (2005). Sudden Cardiac Dead Without Structural Heart Disease: Update on the Long QT and Brugada Syndromes. Current Cardiology Reports, 7, 349-356.
8. Benito, B., Brugada, J., Brugada, R. & Brugada, P. (2009). Síndrome de Brugada. Rev Esp Cardiol, 62(11), 1297-315.
9. Lena, D., Mihoubi, A., Quintard, H. & Ichai, C. (2014). Brugada Syndrome. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-04576-4_3.
10. Postema, P. & Wild, A. (2016). Aging in Brugada Syndrome. JAAC Clinical Electrophysiology. doi:10.1016/j. jacep.2016.05.014
11. Brugada, P. & Brugada, J. (1992). Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome. A multicenter report. J Am Coll Cardiol, 20, 1391-6.
12. Brugada, P. (2015). Brugada Syndrome: More than 20 years of Scientific Excitement. J Cardiol. http:// dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.08.009.
13. Jyh-Ming, J. & Minoru, H. (2016). Genetics of Brugada syndrome. Journal of Arrhythmia, 32(5), 418–425.
14. Sheikh, A. & Ranjan, K. (2014). Brugada Syndrome: a Review of the literature. Clin Med, 14(5), 482-489.
15. Wilders, R. (2012). Cardiac Ion Channelopathies and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. ISRN Cardiology. Doi:10.5402/2012/846171.
16. Priori, S., Napolitano, C., Gasparini, M., et al. (2000). Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation syndrome: a prospective evaluation of 52 families. Circulation, 102(20), 2509–15.
17. Benito, B., Sarkozy, A., Mont, L., et al. (2008). Gender differences in clinical manifestations of Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol, 52(19), 1567–73.
18. Giudicessi, J. & Ackerman, M. (2013). Determinants of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in heritable cardiac arrhythmia syndromes. Transl Res, 161(1), 1–14.
19. Brugada, P., Brugada, R. & Brugada, J. (2000). The Brugada Syndrome. Current Cardiology Reports. 2:507– 514.
20. Scherr, D., Brunner, G., Kaufmann, P., Lercher, P., Lueger, A., Rotman, B., et al. (2002). Aborted sudden death in a patient with a structurally normal heart: the Brugada síndrome. Intensive Care Med, 28, 789–792.
21. Bayes, A., Brugada, J., Baranchuk, A., Broggrefe, M., Breithardt, G., Goldwasser, D., et al (2012). Current Electrocardiographic Criteria for Diagnosis of Brugada Pattern: a Consensus Report. Journal of Electrocardiology, 45, 433-442.
22. Peters S. (2015). Is early sudden death in the course of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to initial Brugada syndrome? International Journal of Cardiology, 182, 107–108.
23. Dendramis, G., Petrina, S. & Baranchuk, A. (2016). Not all ST-segment elevations are myocardial infarction: Hyperkalemia and Brugada phenocopy. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. doi:10.1016/j. ajem.2016.10.063.
24. Raju, H., Papadakis, M., Govindan, M., Bastiaenen, R., Chandra, N., Osullivan, A., et al. (2011). Low
Prevalence of Risk Markers in Cases of Sudden Death Due to Brugada Syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(23), 2340-2345.
25. Delise, P., Allocca, G., Sitta, N. & Di Stefano, P. (2014). Event rates and risk factors in patients with Brugada syndrome and no prior cardiac arrest: A cumulative analysis of the largest available studies distinguishing ICD-recorded fast ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Heart Rhythm, 11, 252–258.
26. Anguera, I., García, A., Dellaglio, P., Toquero, J., Pérez, L., Martínez, J., et al. (2016). Shock Reduction With Long-Term Quinidine in Patients With Brugada Syndrome and Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmia Episodes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 67(13), 1653-1654.
27. Viskin, S. & Rosso, R. (2010). Risk of Sudden Death in Asymptomatic Brugada Syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(19), 1585-1588.
28. Tester, D. & Ackerman, M. (2012). The Molecular Autopsy: Should the Evaluation Continue After the Funeral? Pediatr Cardiol. 33(3), 461–470.
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2020-11-12
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BRUGADA SYNDROME AS A CAUSE OF SUDDEN DEATH OF CARDIAC ORIGIN. (2020). Medicina Legal De Costa Rica, 34(1). https://www.binasss.sa.cr/ojssalud/index.php/mlcr/article/view/40
