Necrotizing enterocolitis
Keywords:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), Preterm, Multifactorial, Gastrointestinal immaturity, Bacterial translocation.Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common emergency in the neonatal period associated with the digestive system; mainly affecting preterm neonates with very low birth weight. Etiology remains unknown, considered a multifactorial disease, all this related to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract, a decreased motility that generates greater permeability in the mucosa and with this facilitates bacterial translocation. Diagnosis is usually very complex and often goes unnoticed on many occasions leading to a significant mortality of up to 30% where its main complication is intestinal perforation and consequent septic shock. Therapeutic options are divided into 2 groups: medical and surgical, both with major complications affecting the development of children with it where the most important from growth and neurodevelopmental alterations to short bowel syndrome and malnutrition.
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